UNIT 1 ME B
A.
Refer question no. 4
6. Which points should be discussed while
discussing management as Science?
•Critically tested
•General principles
•Cause and effect relationship
•Universal applicability
For more detail
Refer question no. 3
7.Provide
some outline of evolution of management.
A.
8.
Explain various levels in management and their functions.
A. There
are basically three levels of management with relative standing in an
organization’s hierarchy of authority. These levels are:
1.
Top management:
The top level management includes top
executive such as chief executive officer, chief operating officer, president,
executive vice president and various vice president. These managers are
primarily involved in board organizational matters such as policy formulation,
long range planning, goal setting and development of organizational
strategies. In general, the top
management effectively deals with all elements and forces that affect the
survival, stability, and growth of an organization.
It is the function of top management to
watch, interpret, exploit or, where necessary, counter external influences with
appropriate decisions and plans and to initiate the appropriate adjustment in
the functional authority and status structure of the organization, it is the top management’s duty to protect
the integrity of the organization, so that it can survive for its own
employee’s, the shareholder’s, supplier’s, and the customer’s interests and for
the general good of the social and economic system within which it operates.
2.
Middle management:
The middle management level generally consist
of divisional and departmental heads such as plant manager, production manager,
marketing manager, personal directors etc.
their job is to interpret policies and directions set by the top level
management into specific planes and guidelines to action. Their responsibility is to coordinate the
working of their departments so that the set objective can be achieved. They are concerned with short-term goals and
specific results. They spend more time
on operation planning, informational processing and day to day monitoring of
their divisional activities.
3.
First level supervisory management:
This level of management consists of
supervisors, unit heads, foremen, chief clerks etc. their primary concerned with the machines of
the job and they are responsible for coordinating the work of their employees.
They must posses technical skills so that they can assist their subordinates
when necessary. They day to day
operations, assign personnel to specific jobs, oversee their activities,
evaluated their performances, and become a link between the workers and the
middle level management.
9.
State importance of management.
A. The importance of
management may be traced in the following contexts:
•
Effective Utilization of Resources
•
Development of Resources
•
To incorporate Innovations
•
Integrating Various Interest Groups
•
Stability in the Society
10. Discuss various roles of a manager in brief.
A. A role is a set of specific
tasks a person performs because of the position they hold.
- Roles are directed inside as well as outside the organization.
- There are 3 broad role categories:
1.
Interpersonal
2.
Informational
3.
Decisional
Interpersonal
Roles:
Roles
managers assume to coordinate and interact with employees and provide direction to the organization.
´ Figurehead- represents
organization and it’s authority
´ Leader- give direct
commands and orders to subordinates and make decisions
´ Liaison- makes
contacts with peers and other managers
Informational
Roles:
´ Associated with the tasks
needed to obtain and transmit information for management of the organization.
´ Monitor- Gathers
information , evaluate the performance of managers in different functions
´ Disseminator- communicate
to employees the organization’s vision and purpose
´ Spokesperson- give a
speech to inform the local community about the organization’s future intentions
Decisional
Roles:
Associated
with the methods managers use to plan strategy and utilize resources to achieve
goals.
- Entrepreneur - commit organization resources to develop innovative goods and services
- Disturbance handler- to take corrective action to deal with unexpected problems facing the organization from the external as well as internal environment
- Resource allocator- allocate existing resources among different functions and departments
- Negotiator- work with suppliers, distributors and labor unions, customer, etc.
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